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    利用地热资源进行热水驱油的技术研究

    A study of the hot water oil expulsion technique for geothermal resources

    • 摘要: 提要:中国油田以注水开发为主,目前其平均采收率在33%左右。笔者研究认为,制约注水开发的一个重要因素是注入水温度明显低于油层温度,由此引发一系列问题,诸如注入水温度低造成油层温度持续下降,增大了原油黏度。长期剧烈的温差导致储层孔喉胶结物及骨架矿物破碎,加剧了大孔道窜流。笔者针对目前注入水温度过低对油田开发效果的不利影响,提出了一些建设性意见,诸如尽可能选择污水回注,前提是水质达标。主要是考虑到采出的地层水矿化度比较高,与油层配伍性比较好,有利于获得较高的驱油效率。同时减少污水治理和外排压力,更有利于环保和清洁生产。尽可能提高注入水的温度,缩小注入水与油层的温度差距,如果采用高于油层温度的热水驱油最为理想。由于注入水流程比较长,受地面环境温度影响较大,基于夏季注入水温度大大高于冬季注入水温度,能否考虑采取不对称注水方式,即夏季注采比高一些,冬季低一些。同时尽量缩短注水流程长度,尽可能减少沿途热损失。尽可能少注水。在满足油田地层能量补充的前提下,尽最大可能减少注水量,同时减少管外窜槽井治理、平面大孔道井治理、只注不采井治理和特高含水且高液量井治理,减少无效注水。本文围绕提高注入水温度,着重讨论地热、太阳能辅助采油构想。地热采油就是利用丰富的地热资源,以深层高温度开发流体(油、气、水及其混合物)将大量的热量带入浅油层,降低原油黏度、提高原油流动能力。层系间温差提供了地热源。在统计分析孤东油田温度场变化特征基础上,进行了地热采油流程概念设计,推荐在地热源井同井场钻打稠油层多分支水平井作为注入井,单体增压泵直接将从地热源井采出的热流体注入目的油层,在周围油井采油。建议在有利区块率先开展地热采油先导性试验。

       

      Abstract: Abstract:With the rapid development of China's resource energy industry, the scheme of burning crude oil to produce steam and achieve the heavy oil thermal process needs modification. Meanwhile, the utilization of folium or edge water to drive heavy oil reservoir disagrees with the thermal process, the electric heating leads to considerable electrical consumption, and the low injection water temperature causes the decrease of oil layer temperature and the increase of crude oil viscidity. The prolonged temperature difference leads to the breaking up of reservoir pore throat cement and framework minerals. To improve the high-capacity channel communication, the authors put forward some suggestions concerning geothermal oil recovery. The broad-sense abundant geothermal resources and existing injection water technique equipment are used, the deep-seated high temperature liquid (oil-gas-water mixture)draws geothermal warming flowing layer to transit heat upward, decrease viscidity and increase fluidity. Layers different in temperature offer geothermal fountain. Practicability of the process is analyzed. Based on statistics and analysis of the temperature field variation characteristics of the Gudong oilfield, the authors have designed the flow-chart concept for geothermal oil recovery, suggested drilling the multi-branch well of the heavy oil reservoir as the injection-well at the same position of the geothermal fountain well, using free-pressure pump to inject hot liquid directly to the aimed oil layer, and making oil recovery in the surrounding wells. It is proposed that the geothermal oil recovery forerunner test should be first conducted in favorable blocks.

       

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