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    国外超大型-特大型铜矿床成矿特征

    Metallogenic characteristics of superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits abroad

    • 摘要: 提要:铜的消费量及用途可以反映一个国家工业化程度的高低。本文主要研究了国外超大型-特大型铜矿床的主要类型和特征以及典型的超大型-特大型铜矿床,并将铜矿床按照岩浆熔离型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型、层状(控)型和海相火山气液型5种类型进行介绍。世界上著名的超大型-特大型铜矿床主要为智利的楚基卡马塔特大型铜矿床、埃斯康迪达超大型铜矿床,印度尼西亚的格拉斯贝格超大型铜金矿床,中非巨型铜矿带上的赞比亚铜矿带、刚果(金)沙巴铜矿带和赞比亚西北省铜铀矿区,阿富汗的艾纳克超大型铜矿床,波兰的卢宾超大型铜矿床。根据上述主要铜矿床的特征总结出国外超大型-特大型铜矿床具有统一性、专属性、偏在性和异常性等特点。

       

      Abstract: Abstract:Copper consumption and use may reflect the level of industrialization of a country. In this paper, the authors regard types and characteristics of superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits abroad as the main study objects. The typical superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits abroad are studied in this paper, and five types of Cu deposits, i.e., magmatic segregation type, porphyry type, skarn type, stratiform (stratabound) type and VMS type are described in detail. The major superlarge and exceptional superlarge copper deposits include Chu Kika Mata exceptional superlarge Cu deposit and Escondida superlarge Cu deposit in Chile, Glasgow Vogelsberg superlarge Cu-Au deposit in Indonesia, Zambia Cu belt and Cu-U mines in the Sino-African giant metallogenic belt, Sabah copper belt in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) along the Sino-African giant metallogenic belt, Aynak large Cu deposit in Afghanistan and Lubin large Cu deposit in Poland. In general, the superlarge and exceptional superlarge Cu deposits are characterized by unity, speciality, preferentiality and abnormality.

       

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