Geochemical characteristics of stream sediments and ore-prospecting orientation in Daba Mountain area
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摘要: 大巴山地区跨秦岭、扬子两个一级构造单元,基于1:5万水系沉积物测量成果,统计计算了成矿元素地球化学参数,分析研究了元素分布特征、元素相关性及异常元素组合特征,认为研究区Pb、Zn、Ba、Cu、Mn找矿潜力较大,推断研究区所在的秦岭构造单元成矿类型主要为与震旦系-下寒武统黑色岩系有关的低温热液锌铜矿和沉积型钡矿;研究区所在的扬子构造单元成矿类型主要为与寒武系碳酸盐地层有关的低温热液铅锌矿和与震旦系碳酸盐岩有关的沉积型锰矿;在此基础上,划分出杨家坪-葛洞钡锌成矿远景区、镇坪钡锌成矿远景区、黄安坝-迷魂阵锌铜成矿远景区、百羊坪铅锌成矿远景区和修齐镇-石坊乡锰成矿远景区。Abstract: The Daba Mountain passes through two tectonic units, namely, the Qingling orogenic belt and the Yangtz craton. Based on the 1:50000 stream sediment survey, the authors calculated the geochemical parameters of ore-forming elements and analyzed the distribution characteristics, element correlation and element anomaly assemblages. The results show that the study area might be a potential area for Pb, Zn, Ba, Cu and Mn deposits. It is concluded that the main metallogenic types in Qinling unit of the study area are low temperature epithermal Zn-Cu deposits and sedimentary type Ba deposits connected with the Silian-lower Cambrian black rocks. The main metallogenic types in Yangtze unit of the study area are low temperature epithermal Pb-Zn deposit related to the Cambrian carbonaceous rocks and sedimentary type Mn deposits which are connected with Cambrian and Silian carbonaceous rocks respectively. On such a basis, five prospective areas were delineated. Yangjiaping-Gedong area and Zhenping area are expected to be promising areas for Ba-Zn deposits, Huang'anba-Mihunzhen area for Zn-Cu deposits, Baiyangping area for Pb-Zn deposits and Xiuqi-Shifang area for Mn deposits.
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图 1 大巴山地区构造位置图及地质简图
1—二叠系；2—泥盆系；3—志留系；4—奥陶系；5—寒武系；6—下古生界；7—震旦系；8—南华系；9—青白口系；10—中元古界；11—地质界线；12— 一般断层；13—重要区域断层；14—研究区
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of Daba area and location of the study area
a-Tectonic location of Daba area；b-Simplified geological map of Daba area 1-Permian; 2-Devomian; 3-Silurian; 4-Ordovician; 5-Cambrian; 6-Lower Paleozoic; 7-Silian; 8-Nanhuan; 9-Qingbaikouan; 10-Middle Proterozoic; 11-Geolocical boundary; 12-General fault; 13-Important regional fault; 14-Study area
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图 2 研究区成矿元素离散程度图
a—秦岭区；b—扬子区
Figure 2. Variation coefficients of ore-forming elements in the study area
a-Qinling unit; b-Yangtze unit
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图 3 研究区水系沉积物元素R型聚类分析谱系图
a—秦岭区；b—扬子区
Figure 3. Cluster analysis diagrams of elements from stream sediments of the study area
a-Qinling unit;b-Yangtze unit
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图 4 研究区水系沉积物地球化学综合异常图
Figure 4. ntegrated anomaly map of stream sediments of the study area
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图 5 杨家坪—葛洞钡锌成矿远景区单元素异常分布
Figure 5. Distribution of single element anomalies in Ba-Zn prospective area at Yangjiaping and Gedong
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图 6 镇坪钡锌成矿远景区单元素异常分布
Figure 6. Distribution of single element anomalies in Ba-Zn prospective area at Zhenping
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图 7 黄安坝—迷魂阵锌铜成矿远景区单元素异常分布
Figure 7. Distribution of single element anomalies in Zn-Cu prospective area at Huanganba and Mihunzhen
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图 8 百羊坪铅锌成矿远景区单元素异常分布
Figure 8. Distribution of single element anomalies in Pb-Zn prospective area at Baiyangping
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图 9 修齐镇—石坊乡锰成矿远景区单元素异常分布
Figure 9. Distribution of single element anomalies in Mn prospective area at Xiuqi and Shifang
表 1 研究区水系沉积物地球化学参数统计
Table 1 Geochemical parameters of stream sediments in the study area
构造单元 元素 Cu Pb Zn Ni Co Mo As Sb Hg Ba V Au Ag U Mn 秦岭区 X 48 21 159 53 22 8 14.3 2.1 2288 322 2.28 0.31 4.99 1030 94 S0 49.89 10.10 386.7 94.9 9.84 11.93 13.01 3.27 0.15 5344 324.86 6.41 0.55 6.80 1124 Cv 0.98 0.47 2.12 1.67 0.44 1.45 0.89 1.54 1.47 2.01 0.97 2.53 1.68 1.27 1.03 WMax 1920 650 26400 8250 156 266.3 251 116 6.09 160000 5700 506 12.1 188 36200 K 1.19 0.94 1.23 1.14 1.13 1.26 1.13 1.23 1.33 1.29 1.2 1.32 1.09 1.11 1.08 扬子区 X 29 25 100 38 16 3.5 10.2 1.01 929 137 159.89 0.13 3.7 4.3 76 S0 15.55 348.59 773.8 26.2 4.68 8.73 6.42 1.55 0.13 2220 169.81 1.30 0.55 3.54 281.66 Cv 0.54 13.94 7.74 0.69 0.29 2.49 0.63 1.53 1.46 16.2 1.06 10.00 0.15 0.82 3.71 WMax 355 20000 59600 1420 149 248 176.1 42 3.18 127000 3900 35.5 15.1 88.5 6570 K 0.72 1.09 0.78 0.8 0.81 0.55 0.8 0.61 0.54 0.55 0.71 0.57 0.81 0.83 0.87 半湿润低山丘陵 平均值* 22 22 64 27 13 0.72 7.4 0.54 29 605 84 1.31 0.083 1.98 685 注:Au、Hg的含量单位为10-9，其余元素含量单位为10-6；样品数15482件；*采用中国半湿润低山丘陵区水系沉积物元素含量统计结果[20]。 
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表 2 大巴山地区水系沉积物元素变异系数及其比值
Table 2 Elements variation coefficients and their ratios in Daba area
构造单元 元素 Cu Pb Zn Ni Co Mo As Sb Hg Ba V Au Ag U Mn 秦岭区 Cv1 0.98 0.47 2.12 1.67 0.44 1.45 0.89 1.54 1.47 2.01 0.97 2.53 1.68 1.27 1.03 Cv2 0.37 0.25 0.30 0.40 0.38 1.01 0.59 0.74 0.58 0.69 0.48 0.58 0.74 0.40 0.42 Cv1/Cv2 2.62 1.88 7.14 4.18 1.16 1.43 1.50 2.07 2.56 2.93 2.01 4.36 2.27 3.16 2.46 扬子区 Cv1 0.31 0.22 0.26 0.28 0.19 0.70 0.34 0.37 0.47 0.39 0.28 0.45 0.37 0.21 0.30 Cv2 0.54 13.9 7.74 0.69 0.29 2.49 0.63 1.53 1.46 16.2 1.06 10.0 0.15 0.00 3.71 Cv1/Cv2 1.75 63.5 29.5 2.48 1.54 3.54 1.87 4.18 3.13 41.1 3.81 22.2 0.41 0.02 12.5
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表 3 研究区元素地球化学异常下限值
Table 3 Threshold of element geochemical anomaly values in the study area
构造单元 元素 Cu Pb Zn Ni Co Mo As Sb Hg Ba V Au Ag U Mn 秦岭区 异常下限 100 35 350 120 40 30 35 6 0.3 7500 850 6 1.2 15 2000 扬子区 异常下限 50 35 150 60 25 15 25 2 0.2 2000 250 3 0.3 6 1500
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