Geohazards types and their distribution characteristics in the natural gas hydrate area on the northern slope of the South China Sea
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摘要:
南海北部陆坡区存在着有利天然气水合物的成藏条件，综合调查及钻探结果揭示南海北部陆坡区蕴藏着丰富的天然气水合物资源，天然气水合物多发育在构造活动复杂地区，同时也是灾害地质因素高发区，潜在的灾害地质因素对水合物的赋存及商业开发是极大的威胁。本文基于广州海洋地质调查局多年来在南海北部天然气水合物发育区采集的大量2D、3D、浅地层剖面及多波束测深资料对南海北部水合物发育区进行海底灾害地质研究，对研究区地形地貌特征、灾害地质因素类型、特征、成因及分布特征进行了综合分析，同时阐述了灾害地质因素与水合物的形成与分解之间的关系，研究结果对南海北部陆坡区天然气水合物区成矿预测、试采井布置及未来灾害风险评价提供了基础数据和决策依据。
Abstract:Integrated investigation has revealed that the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS) is a favorable place for gas hydrate accumulation and hence has stored a large amount of hydrate resources. Natural gas hydrates are mostly developed in areas of complex tectonic activity which are also areas of high-risk geological disasters. Potential hazard geological factors constitute great threats to the storage and commercial exploitation of gas hydrate. Based on a large number of 2D, 3D seismic profiles and multi-beam data acquired by the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey over the years in the gas hydrate development zone in the northern part of the South China Sea, the authors conducted the seabed disaster geological study on the northern slope of the South China Sea. In this paper, the geomorphological features, the types, characteristics, genesis and distribution characteristics of the geohazards related to gas hydrate in the study area were comprehensively analyzed. The relationship between the geohazards and hydrate formation and decomposition was also discussed. The results of the study were used to predict the mineralization of gas hydrates on the northern slope of the South China Sea, thus providing a data basis for future disaster risk assessment and decisionmaking.
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Keywords:
- northern slope of SCS /
- gas hydrate /
- geohazards /
- submarine landsides
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图 1 南海北部陆坡水合物成矿区地形地貌及层序格架图(据于兴河等，2014；惠格格等, 2016, 修改)
Figure 1. Geographical location and tectonic settings of the study area (modified after Yu et al., 2014; ,Hui et al., 2016)
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图 2 研究区典型活动断裂地震反射特征
Figure 2. Typical Seismic reflection characteristics of active faults on the northern continental slope of the SCS
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图 3 研究区典型岩浆底辟的地震反射特征
Figure 3. Seismic features of typical magma diaper in the study area
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图 4 滑塌沉积与BSR地震响应特征
Figure 4. Seismic response characteristics of slump deposition and BSR
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图 9 南海北部陆坡天然气水合物成矿区地质灾害类型分布图
Figure 9. Geohazards distribution related to gas hydrate on northern continental slope of the SCS
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图 6 水流侵蚀作用产生的冲蚀沟谷群
Figure 6. Seismic features of submarine gullies caused by underflow erosion
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图 8 活动断裂与泥底辟地震反射特征
Figure 8. Seismic response of mud diaper accompanied by shallow active faults
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图 10 南海北部陆坡天然气水合物成矿区地质灾害类型区划图
Figure 10. Geohazards types distribution associated with gas hydrate on northern continental slope of the SCS)
表 2 南海北部陆缘潜在震源分布区划（据钟建强）
Table 2 Potential seismic source regionalization on northern continental slope of the SCS (after Zhong)
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