Organic geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of Upper Triassic black shales in the North Qiangtang Depression

WANG Jian; LIU Zhongrong; WANG Zhongwei; FU Xiugen; FAN Zhiwei; HE Zhiyong; ZENG Shengqiang; YI Jianquan

doi:10.12029/gc20230902001

GEOLOGY IN CHINA > 2025 > 52(1): 61-77. > DOI: 10.12029/gc20230902001

Wang Jian, Liu Zhongrong, Wang Zhongwei, Fu Xiugen, Fan Zhiwei, He Zhiyong, Zeng Shengqiang, Yi Jianquan. 2025. Organic geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of Upper Triassic black shales in the North Qiangtang Depression[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 61−77. DOI: 10.12029/gc20230902001

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Organic geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of Upper Triassic black shales in the North Qiangtang Depression

WANG Jian^{1, 2, 3,},
LIU Zhongrong⁴,
WANG Zhongwei^{1, 2, ,},
FU Xiugen^{1, 2},
FAN Zhiwei⁴,
HE Zhiyong⁴,
ZENG Shengqiang⁵,
YI Jianquan^{1, 2}

1.
Qiangtang Institute of Sedimentary Basin, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
2.
School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
4.
Sinopec Exploration Company, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
5.
Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610218, Sichuan, China

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42372129; No.42241202, No.91955204), project of the Science and Technology Department of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (No.P22197), and Sinopec exploration company (No.35450003−22−ZC0607−0022).

More Information

Author Bio:
WANG Jian, male, born in 1962, professor, engaged in sedimentary basin analysis and oil−gas resource evaluation research; E-mail: w1962jian@163.com
Corresponding author:
Wang Zhongwei, male, born in 1990, associate professor, mainly engaged in oil and gas resource evaluation in Qiangtang Basin; E-mail: wzwcdg@sina.com.
Received Date: September 01, 2023
Revised Date: January 14, 2024
Available Online: January 23, 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of oil and gas exploration engineering.
Objective
Geological investigations of petroleum potential suggest that the Upper Triassic black shales represent the most significant source rock interval in the Qiangtang Basin. However, the organic geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of these source rocks in the deep basin are still under ongoing research due to the lack of deep drilling activities.
Methods
The well QZ−16, located in the eastern part of the North Qiangtang Depression, has encountered the deepest Upper Triassic strata in the basin to date, revealing significant gas anomalies and a substantial amount of bitumen. This provides a new opportunity to enhance the understanding of deep basin source rocks. Here, organic geochemical analyses of the Upper Triassic black shales were conducted to investigate the organic matter quality, quantity, and levels of thermal maturity as well as the oil−source relationship between the source rock and bituminous oil.
Results
The TOC content of the Upper Triassic black shales in the well QZ−16 is generally poor to fair organic matter richness, ranging from 0.12% to 1.09%, with an average of 0.47%. These values are higher than the average TOC limit (0.3%) of over−mature source rocks with type II kerogen. The degree of thermal maturity is suggested to be in the over−mature stage based on significantly high T_max (536−602 ℃) and vitrinite reflectance values (R_o = 2.44%−2.77%). The chloroform asphalt A and hydrocarbon generation potential (S₁+S₂) may not reliably reflect the organic matter abundance due to the source rocks being in the over−mature stage. Kerogen type index (8.75−18.5), Ph/nC₁₈ (0.65−1.06), Pr/nC₁₇ (0.34−0.61) and C₂₇−C₂₈−C₂₉ sterane characteristics indicate a mixed organic matter source comprising of lower plankton and higher terrestrial plants of Type II₂ kerogen. Most source rock intervals were deposited under strongly reducing conditions, exhibiting a brown−black kerogen color, which align with biomarker parameters, indicating that the thermal evolution of the black shale is over mature. The oil source correlation parameters reveal a strong affinity between the Triassic bituminous oil seedling and black shale in the well QZ−16, which is self−generated and self−stored.
Conclusions
The Upper Triassic black shales in the North Qiangtang Depression are mature source rocks with certain hydrocarbon generation potential. The results of this study provide a new reference for evaluating source rocks and analyzing hydrocarbon generation potential in the Qiangtang Basin.
- Upper Triassic,
- source rock evaluation,
- hydrocarbon generation potential,
- well QZ−16,
- oil and gas exploration engineering,
- Qiangtang Basin
Highlights
(1) Source rock evaluation and hydrocarbon generation potential analysis were carried out for the first time on samples from deep drilling (well QZ−16) in North Qiangtang Depression; (2) It is suggested that the black shale of Upper Triassic in North Qiangtang is over-mature source rock and has certain hydrocarbon generation potential.

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References (71)

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Organic geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of Upper Triassic black shales in the North Qiangtang Depression

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