Spatial distribution characteristic, source analysis and health risk assessment of the soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou, Guangdong Province

ZHENG Lilong; ZHANG Decheng; HAO Liancheng; DAI Youxu; ZHANG Jiankang; LI Xianfeng; REN Kaiwen; LIU Jian; KONG Fanquan; WANG Yongfeng

doi:10.12029/gc20231229001

GEOLOGY IN CHINA > 2025 > 52(1): 300-314. > DOI: 10.12029/gc20231229001

Zheng Lilong, Zhang Decheng, Hao Liancheng, Dai Youxu, Zhang Jiankang, Li Xianfeng, Ren Kaiwen, Liu Jian, Kong Fanquan, Wang Yongfeng. 2025. Spatial distribution characteristic, source analysis and health risk assessment of the soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou, Guangdong Province[J]. Geology in China, 52(1): 300−314. DOI: 10.12029/gc20231229001

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Spatial distribution characteristic, source analysis and health risk assessment of the soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou, Guangdong Province

ZHENG Lilong^{1, 2,},
ZHANG Decheng^{1, 2},
HAO Liancheng^{1, 2, 3},
DAI Youxu^{1, 2, 3},
ZHANG Jiankang^{1, 2},
LI Xianfeng^{1, 2},
REN Kaiwen^{1, 2},
LIU Jian^{1, 2},
KONG Fanquan⁴,
WANG Yongfeng^{1, 2, ,}

1.
Yantai Center of Coastal Zone Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Yantai 264004, Shandong, China
2.
Ministry of Natural Resources Observation and Research Station of Land−Sea Interaction Field in the Yellow River Estuary, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
3.
School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, Haikou 571127, Hainan, China

Funds: Supported by the projects of China Geological Survey (No.DD20208011, No.DD20243125).

More Information

Author Bio:
ZHENG Lilong, male, born in 1988, master, engineer, mainly engaged in environmental geology investigation and evaluation; E-mail: zhenglilong1020@126.com
Corresponding author:
WANG Yongfeng, male, born in 1980, master candidate, senior engineer, mainly engaged in natural resource investigation and management; E-mail: 76861559@qq.com.
Received Date: December 28, 2023
Revised Date: June 02, 2024
Available Online: January 07, 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of environmental geological survey engineering.
Objective
Taking the eastern part of Leizhou as research area, this paper studies the concentration and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil, analyzes the sources of heavy metals, evaluates the degree of heavy metal pollution, and assess the health risks to human health.
Methods
A total of 381 soil samples are collected to measure the concentration of heavy metal elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. GIS technique is used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals; the single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index methods are used to evaluate the degree of soil heavy metals pollution, and Monte Carlo health risk model is used to assess human health risks.
Results
(1) The average concentration values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil are 5.85×10⁻⁶, 0.079×10⁻⁶, 64.03×10⁻⁶, 14.11×10⁻⁶, 0.07×10⁻⁶, 21.23×10⁻⁶, 35.38×10⁻⁶, 76.45×10⁻⁶, respectively. Among them, the average concentration values of Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn in the surface soils exceed the background values of soils in Guangdong Province, which indicates that these four heavy metal elements in the soil are relatively enriched. (2) The single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index show that the soil is "clean" in the study area, with only a few points being polluted slightly. (3) In addition to geological background sources, heavy metals in surface soil also come from sources such as transportation, agriculture, and industry. (4) The health risk assessment of heavy metals shows that the non−carcinogenic health risks of children and adults could be ignored, but there are tolerable carcinogenic risks for both children and adults. The major carcinogenic factor is As. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the SL (Skin adhesion coefficient) is the primary factor affecting non−carcinogenic health risk, while the SL and As are the primary factors affecting carcinogenic health risk in adults and children, respectively. The main exposure routes of carcinogenicity are skin exposure and hand−oral exposure.
Conclusions
The pollution of soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou is relatively low, and the ecological risk is low on the whole. However, Hg and Cd should be given sufficient attention. As is the main carcinogenic factor affecting human health, and pollution prevention and control of As should be strengthened.
- soil heavy metals,
- pollution assessment,
- health risk assessment,
- correlation analysis,
- factor analysis,
- environmental geological survey engineering,
- Leizhou.
Highlights
The single factor pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index were used to study the soil heavy metal pollution in the main rice producing area of Leizhou and analyze the sources of heavy metals. We use the Monte Carlo health risk assessment model to assess the human health risk.

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References (71)

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Spatial distribution characteristic, source analysis and health risk assessment of the soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou, Guangdong Province

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Spatial distribution characteristic, source analysis and health risk assessment of the soil heavy metals in the eastern of Leizhou, Guangdong Province

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