Geothermal geological characteristics, genetic model and resource potential of hot dry rocks in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province

ZHANG Linyou; LI Xufeng; ZHU Guilin; ZHANG Shengsheng; Zhang Chao; Wang Huang; FENG Qingda; XU Wenghao; NIU Zhaoxuan; DENG Zhihui

doi:10.12029/gc20240226001

GEOLOGY IN CHINA > 2025 > Uncorrected proof > DOI: 10.12029/gc20240226001

Zhang Linyou, Li Xufeng, Zhu Guilin, Zhang Shengsheng, Zhang Chao, Wang Huang, Feng Qingda, Xu Wenghao, Niu Zhaoxuan, Deng Zhihui. 2025. Geothermal geological characteristics, genetic model and resource potential of hot dry rocks in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province[J]. Geology in China, 52(2): 1−17. DOI: 10.12029/gc20240226001

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Geothermal geological characteristics, genetic model and resource potential of hot dry rocks in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province

1.
Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300309, China
2.
Hohhot General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
3.
Qinghai Survey Institute of the Hydrogeology and Engineering and Environmental Geology, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
5.
China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42202336), the projects of China Geological Survey (No.DD20190131, No.DD20211336, No.DD20230018).

More Information

Author Bio:
ZHANG Linyou, male, born in 1987, senior engineer, mainly engaged in geothermal geology; E-mail: zhanglinyou@mail.cgs.gov.cn
Received Date: February 25, 2024
Revised Date: April 11, 2024
Available Online: March 25, 2025

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of geothermal geological survey engineering.
Objective
The Gonghe Basin, situated on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai−Tibet Plateau, is a significant experimental area for the exploration and development of hot dry rock (HDR) in China. The formation mechanisms of HDR within the Gonghe Basin remain controversial and have attracted considerable research attention. The current thermal state is of great significance for a deeper understanding the distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of high−temperature geothermal reservoirs.
Methods
In this study, extensive geophysical exploration and drilling data are integrated to describe the geological and geothermal architecture of the Gonghe Basin. A two−dimensional temperature field profile across the east−west axis is established through numerical simulation. Based on these results, the resource potential of HDR is assessed, and the key factors controlling HDR formation are analyzed.
Results
The Gonghe Basin hosts abundant HDR resources, with an estimated 2.48×10²¹ J within the depth of 5 km. The two−dimensional numerical simulation reveals significant temperature field variations between the eastern and western parts of the basin. The temperature field variations are consistent with the distribution of the basin's basement depth, which decreases from west to east. High−temperature anomalies are observed in the northeastern region, particularly around the Xinjie−Waliguan uplift belt.
Conclusions
On the basis of understanding the knowledge of predecessors, this paper proposes a comprehensive HDR formation mechanism from the perspectives of geological, geothermal, and geophysical backgrounds. The formation of HDR within the Gonghe Basin is controlled by multiple factors, including continuous heating by partial melting, heating and conducting heat by granite, heat controlling by neotectonic uplift and denudation, and heat preservation and accumulation by sedimentary covers.
- geothermal,
- hot dry rock,
- formation mechanism,
- potential evaluation of HDR resources,
- geothermal geological survey engineering,
- Gonghe Basin,
- Qinghai Province
Highlights
(1) The stratigraphic distribution within the Gonghe Basin was determined through the integration of 2D seismic, drilling and other exploration datasets , and the two−dimensional temperature field distribution of the shallow crust in the basin was established for the first time by numerical simulation; (2) Based on the systematic study of geothermal geological characteristics of the Gonghe Basin, a genetic mechanism for the high−temperature geothermal resources within the basin was proposed. This mechanism provides a fundamental geological basis for the exploration of hot dry rock (HDR) resources in the Gonghe Basin.

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References (108)

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