Zirzon U-Pb age and petrogenisis of plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi, Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia and its collision orogeny
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摘要:
内蒙古克什克腾旗长岭子斜长花岗斑岩位于大兴安岭锡林浩特增生杂岩带内。本文对长岭子斜长花岗斑岩进行了主微量元素地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素研究。长岭子斜长花岗斑岩锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(248.1±4.7)Ma,是早三叠世岩浆活动的产物;继承锆石除外,样品中锆石具有正的εHf(t)值(5.78~12.41),二阶段模式年龄TDM2分别为914~488 Ma。长岭子斜长花岗斑岩具有较高的SiO2、Na2O和Al2O3含量以及较低的Fe2O3、MgO和CaO含量,属于偏铝质-过铝质的低钾-钙碱性系列I型花岗岩,富集Rb、K、U、Th、Pb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nd、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。同时,斜长花岗斑岩具有高Sr低Y以及高Sr/Y比等特点,具有典型的埃达克质岩石特征,形成于加厚下地壳的部分熔融。综合上述地球化学特征,本文认为长岭子斜长花岗斑岩来源于加厚新生下地壳的部分熔融,表明早三叠世兴蒙地区并非岛弧的环境,而是处于碰撞造山环境,古亚洲洋在该时期已经闭合。
Abstract:The Changlingzi plagiogranite porphyry is located in the Xilinhot Late Paleozoic Accretion Complex within the Da Hinggan Mountains. This study is focused on the zircon U -Pb isotopic geochronology, Hf isotopic composition analysis and geochemistry of the Changlingzi plagiogranite porphyry. Zircon crystals from the plagiogranite porphyry yielded weighted average 206Pb/238U age of (248.1±4.7)Ma. The zircons from this porphyry have positive εHf(t) values from 5.78 to 12.41, with TDM2(Hf) ages from 914 to 488Ma. The plagiogranite porphyry has high content of SiO2, Na2O and Al2O3, and low content of TiO2, MgO and CaO, showing a metaluminous-peraluminouslow-K to calc-alkaline affinity, with LREE enrichment and HREE depletion, suggesting I-type granite. In addition, the plagiogranite porphyry has high Sr and low Y values as well as high Sr/Y ratios (74.5~103.4), indicating that the plagiogranite porphyry belongs to adakite. It is suggested that the plagiogranite porphyry was formed by partial melting of the thickened newborn lower crust. And in Early Triassic, Xing' an-Mongolian orogenic belt was in a collisionorogeny tectonic setting, indicating that the Paleo-Asian Ocean had been closed in this period.
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1. 研究目的(Objective)
尼玛盆地构造上位于班公湖—怒江缝合带中部,是发育在侏罗系—白垩系海相地层之上的古近系陆相裂谷盆地,北接羌塘地块,南邻冈底斯地块,近东西向展布,面积约3000 km2。本次研究目的是初步查明尼玛盆地东部冻土发育特征,调查盆地东部古近系地层层序,获取古近系烃源岩、储盖层等关键评价参数,进一步评价盆地油气资源潜力。
结合新获取的大地电磁测深、地表地质调查及藏尼地1井资料,通过对盆地东部石油地质条件的进一步论证,中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心在盆地东部赛布错坳陷部署实施了藏双地1井,该井的实施对于西藏高原陆相盆地的油气勘探具有重要意义。
2. 研究方法(Methods)
通过资料的收集和重新处理解释,建立了尼玛盆地基础资料数据库,结合之前在尼玛盆地东部发现的油气显示带及最新的大地电磁测深和藏尼地1井资料,优选井位。藏双地1井完钻井深1206.78 m,全井段进行了取心、录井和测井,共有岩心407箱,岩心总长1108.88 m,收获率95.9%。在古近系牛堡组选取烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析测试,通过分析有机质丰度、有机质类型、热演化成熟度来评价烃源岩生烃潜力;使用荧光分析仪对岩石进行荧光分析,主要进行干照和滴照实验,来检测岩石、岩屑中的沥青、烃类等有机物质。
3. 结果(Results)
藏双地1井从上到下钻遇地层依次为第四系+ 新近系—牛堡组三段—牛堡组二段(未穿),气测录井有3处气测异常段,总烃最高为0.159%,岩性为棕红色粉砂岩、灰色细砂岩。含气量解析取样井段527.90~1206.78 m,共取样54个,现场解析在标准大气压下最高含气量为0.213 m3/t;共做浸水试验20个,拍摄视频20个,其中井深744.40 m、752.08 m、767.30 m、774.66 m、797.20 m、832.43 m均有气泡冒出,以井深752.08 m最为明显。
荧光录井井段0~1206.78 m,对全井岩心按设计逐包进行荧光直照、拍照、氯仿浸泡,定级;全井共录取荧光资料421个点,其中井深1024.23~1026.23 m牛二段灰绿色泥岩断面处,可见黑色薄膜状干沥青,具荧光显示,干照下呈黄色、淡黄色,产状为星点状、带状,用氯仿滴照可呈片状;井深1077.46~1077.76 m牛二段见油迹;井深1078.16~1078.76 m牛二段见点状干沥青;井深1078.76~1079.16 m牛二段层理间见油斑;井深1079.16~1080.16 m牛二段顶部断面处见油迹,都具有荧光显示,呈黄色、淡黄色,产状为星点状、带状(图 1)。
4. 结论(Conclusions)
(1)藏双地1井全井取心,获得了尼玛盆地东部古近系地层层序、烃源岩及储层等相关参数,分别在牛三段418.43~422.00 m、牛二段890.00~898.00 m及1068.16~1087.00 m发现3处气测异常段,总烃最高为0.159%,现场解析含气量值最大为0.213 m3/t,并在牛二段1077~1080 m处发现不同级别的油气显示,首次实现了尼玛盆地地下油气的重要发现,对盆地下一步的勘探部署具有重要意义。
(2)本井是继藏尼地1井后在西藏尼玛盆地部署实施的第2口地质调查井,通过对藏双地1井的钻井技术攻关,进一步总结出了适合高寒缺氧、地表及地下地质条件复杂的高原钻井施工工艺和设备参数,为下一步在该区钻井施工提供了重要的技术支撑。
尼玛盆地平均海拔近4800 m,由于其高海拔的特殊性,具有高寒缺氧、气候恶劣、生态脆弱等特征,在野外施工过程中与其他地区有着很大的不同,通过藏尼地1井、藏双地1井的钻探,克服了高寒条件下冻土发育钻井技术难题和高原缺氧条件下深井取心难题,基本形成了一套安全、环保、高效的作业技术体系,为高原地区的钻探施工工程积累了丰富的经验。
5. 致谢(Acknowledgement)
感谢李韬、李显亮等同志的交流和启发。
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图 1 中国东北大地构造简图(a,据陈衍景等, 2012; Chen et al., 2016修改)及黄岗—甘珠尔庙地区地质简图(b,据芮宗瑶等, 1994修改)
Figure 1. Simplified tectonic map of Northeast China (a, modified after Chen et al., 2012, 2016);Sketch geological map of the Huanggang–Ganzhuermiao area (b, modified after Rui et al., 1994)
图 3 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩岩相学特征
a—斜长花岗斑岩手标本照片;b—斜长花岗斑岩中斜长石斑晶发生绢云母化,可见聚片双晶,基质主要为长英质(正交偏光);c—斜长花岗斑岩中正长石斑晶,可见典型的卡式双晶(正交偏光);d—斜长花岗斑岩中正长石斑晶(单偏光);e—斜长花岗斑岩中角闪石斑晶,角闪石被绿帘石交代(正交偏光);f—斜长花岗斑岩中黑云母斑晶(单偏光);Q—石英;Pl—斜长石;Or—正长石;Hb—角闪石;Bi—黑云母
Figure 3. Petrographic characteristics of the plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi area
a-Hand specimen photo of the plagiogranite porphyry; b-The feldspar phenocrysts with sericitizationin in plagiogranite porphyry, polysynthetic twin observed in feldspar and the matrix being predominantly felsic (crossed nicols); c-The orthoclase phenocrysts in the plagiogranite porphyry with carlsbad twin observed in orthoclase (crossed nicols); d-The orthoclase phenocrysts in the plagiogranite porphyry (plainlight); e-The hornblende phenocrysts in the plagiogranite porphyry, the hornblende replaced by epidote (crossed nicols); f-The biotite phenocryst in the plagiogranite porphyry (plainlight); Q-Quartz; Pl-Plagioclase; Or-Orthocalse; Hb-Hornblende; Bi-Biotite
图 4 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩SiO2-(Na2O + K2O)图解(a,据Le Maitre, 2002)、A/CNK-A/NK图解(b,据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)和SiO2-K2O图解(c,据Rickwood, 1989)
Figure 4. SiO2-(Na2O + K2O) (a, after Le Maitre, 2002), ACNKANK (b, after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989) and SiO2-K2O (c, after Rickwood, 1989) diagrams for plagiogranite porphyries in Changlingzi area
图 5 长岭子研究区斜长花岗斑岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)(球粒陨石标准化值和原始地幔标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle normalized trace element spider diagrams (b) for plagiogranite porphyries in Changlingzi area (chondrite normalization values and primitive mantle normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 7 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩K2O-Na2O图解(据Collins et al., 1982)
Figure 7. K2O-Na2O diagram for plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi area (after Collins et al., 1982)
图 8 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩锆石εHf(t)-t图解
(阴影部分代表兴蒙造山带东段中生代花岗岩和辉长岩,虚线框部分代表燕山地区岩浆岩;数据来源:兴蒙造山带东段和燕山地区岩浆岩锆石εHf(t)范围据Yang et al., 2006;中生代火山岩据张超等(2014)和谭皓元等(2017);林西组据朱俊宾等(2017);大石寨组据张健(2012)和作者未发表数据;宝音图群据孙立新等(2013);白垩纪花岗岩据杨奇荻等(2014)、周振华等(2011)和Zhou ZH et al., 2012;侏罗纪花岗岩据杨奇荻等(2014)、刘伟等(2007)和Liu et al., 2009;二叠纪花岗岩据Wang et al., 2017)
Figure 8. Zircon εHf(t)-t diagram for plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi area
(The shaded part represents the Mesozoic granites and gabbros in the eastern segment of the Xingmeng orogenic belt, and the dotted section \ represents the magmatic rocks in the Yanshan area)Data sources: Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic belt and Yanshan area zircon εHf(t) range after Yang et al., 2006; Mesozoic volcanic rocks after Zhang et al., 2014 and Tan et al., 2017; the Linxi Formation after Zhu et al., 2017; the Dashizhai Formation after Zhang, 2012 and the authors'unpublished data; the Baoyintu Group after Sun et al., 2013; Cretaceous granite after Yang et al., 2014 and Zhou et al., 2011, 2012; Jurassic granite after Yang et al., 2012 and Liu et al., 2007, 2009; Permian granite after Wang et al., 2017)
图 9 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩Sr/Y-Y图解(a, 据Martin, 1999)和(La/Yb)N-YbN图解(b, 据Defant et al., 1990)
Figure 9. Sr/Y-Y (a, after Martin, 1999) and (La/Yb)N-YbN (b, after Defant et al., 1990) diagrams of the plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi area
图 10 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩SiO2-Mg#(a)图解和SiO2-MgO图解(b)(据Wang et al., 2006)
Figure 10. SiO2-Mg# (a) diagram and SiO2-MgO diagram (b) for the plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi area (after Wang et al., 2006)
图 11 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩Nb−Y(a), Ta−Yb(b), Rb−(Y+Nb)(c)和Rb−(Yb+Ta)(d)图解(据Pearce et al., 1984, 1996;)
数据来源:三叠纪花岗岩类据李锦轶等, 2007;石玉若等, 2007;张维等, 2010; 叶栩松等, 2011;张万益等, 2012;刘建峰等, 2014; 吴荣泽等, 2015;张海华等, 2015;李晓海等, 2016
Figure 11. Nb−Y (a), Ta−Yb (b), Rb−(Y+Nb) (c) and Rb−(Yb+Ta) (d) diagram (after Pearce et al., 1984, 1996) of plagiogranite porphyries in Changlingzi area
Data sources: Triassic granitoids after Li et al., 2007; Shi et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2010; Ye et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015 and Li et al., 2016
表 1 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩全岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10−6)分析结果
Table 1 Major (%) and trace(10−6) elements compositions of the plagiogranite porphyries in Changlingzi area
表 2 长岭子斜长花岗斑岩锆石LA−ICP−MS U−Pb定年分析结果
Table 2 LA−ICP−MS Zircon U−Pb analysis for the plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi area
表 3 长岭子研究区斜长花岗斑岩锆石Lu−Hf同位素分析结果
Table 3 Zircon Lu−Hf isotope analysis for the plagiogranite porphyry in Changlingzi area
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