Land suitability evaluation of agricultural industrial park based on UAV remote sensing in Zhaojue County of Sichuan Province
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摘要:
昭觉县是大凉山腹地的典型彝族聚居县，也是国家级深度贫困县，以传统农业居多，为推动农业发展方式的转变，昭觉县开展了现代农业园建设。笔者通过无人机航测，获取了拟建园区的高分辨率影像，使用面向对象的影像分析软件，快速提取了土地利用现状等信息，结合收集的其他资料，筛选了坡度、坡向、断层、地质灾害、土地利用、灌溉、交通、自然保护区8个评价因子，在GIS的支持下，先开展单因子土地适应性评价，然后进行综合评价。结果显示：拟建园区土地适宜性以适宜性高和适宜性较高等级为主，二者合计2.56 km2、占79.26%，超过3/4，土地适宜性好，适宜建设现代农业产业园，适合建设标准化蔬菜温室大棚和露地蔬菜种植基地，建成后，不但可以为周边地市提供蔬菜供应，还可带动园区周围农户增收，促进周围农户脱贫，发展前景好。小型无人机遥感系统具有机动灵活、成本低的优势，能快速获取小区域、大尺度农业产业园区的基础数据，在西南地区小区域土地适宜性评价中应用效果好。小区域土地的自然环境与社会环境相对单一，许多大区域土地适宜性评价指标并不完全适用，需要根据土地利用的主要目的选择合适的评价指标。
Abstract:Zhaojue County is a typical Yi-inhabited County in the hinterland of Daliang Mountain. It is also a state-level deeply impoverished county with traditional agriculture as the main living means. In order to promote the transformation of agricultural development mode, modern agricultural park has been constructed in Zhaojue County. Through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) aerial survey, the high-resolution images of the proposed park were obtained, and object-oriented image analysis software was used to quickly extract land use status and other information. Combined with other collected data, eight evaluation factors were selected, including slope, aspect, fault, geological hazard, land use, irrigation, transportation and nature reserve. With the support of Geographic Information System (GIS), the single-factor of land adaptability was evaluated first, and then the comprehensive evaluation was conducted. The results show that the land suitability of the proposed park is much suitable, with the total area of 2.56 km2, accounting for 79.26%, more than 3/4. It is suitable for building a modern agricultural industrial park, standardized vegetable greenhouses, and open field vegetable cultivation base. After construction, it will not only provide vegetable supply to the surrounding cities, but also increase the income of farmers around the park, and promote the poverty alleviation of farmers around the park, showing good development prospects. Small UAV remote sensing system has the advantages of flexibility and low cost. It can quickly obtain the basic data of small area and large-scale agricultural industrial park, and has ideal application effect in land suitability evaluation of small areas in Southwest China. The natural environment and social environment of small area land are relatively single, and many large regional land suitability evaluation indexes are not fully applicable, so it is necessary to select appropriate evaluation indexes according to the main purpose of land use.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
尼玛盆地构造上位于班公湖—怒江缝合带中部，是发育在侏罗系—白垩系海相地层之上的古近系陆相裂谷盆地，北接羌塘地块，南邻冈底斯地块，近东西向展布，面积约3000 km2。本次研究目的是初步查明尼玛盆地东部冻土发育特征，调查盆地东部古近系地层层序，获取古近系烃源岩、储盖层等关键评价参数，进一步评价盆地油气资源潜力。
结合新获取的大地电磁测深、地表地质调查及藏尼地1井资料，通过对盆地东部石油地质条件的进一步论证，中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心在盆地东部赛布错坳陷部署实施了藏双地1井，该井的实施对于西藏高原陆相盆地的油气勘探具有重要意义。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
通过资料的收集和重新处理解释，建立了尼玛盆地基础资料数据库，结合之前在尼玛盆地东部发现的油气显示带及最新的大地电磁测深和藏尼地1井资料，优选井位。藏双地1井完钻井深1206.78 m，全井段进行了取心、录井和测井，共有岩心407箱，岩心总长1108.88 m，收获率95.9%。在古近系牛堡组选取烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析测试，通过分析有机质丰度、有机质类型、热演化成熟度来评价烃源岩生烃潜力；使用荧光分析仪对岩石进行荧光分析，主要进行干照和滴照实验，来检测岩石、岩屑中的沥青、烃类等有机物质。
3. 结果（Results）
藏双地1井从上到下钻遇地层依次为第四系+ 新近系—牛堡组三段—牛堡组二段（未穿），气测录井有3处气测异常段，总烃最高为0.159%，岩性为棕红色粉砂岩、灰色细砂岩。含气量解析取样井段527.90~1206.78 m，共取样54个，现场解析在标准大气压下最高含气量为0.213 m3/t；共做浸水试验20个，拍摄视频20个，其中井深744.40 m、752.08 m、767.30 m、774.66 m、797.20 m、832.43 m均有气泡冒出，以井深752.08 m最为明显。
荧光录井井段0~1206.78 m，对全井岩心按设计逐包进行荧光直照、拍照、氯仿浸泡，定级；全井共录取荧光资料421个点，其中井深1024.23~1026.23 m牛二段灰绿色泥岩断面处，可见黑色薄膜状干沥青，具荧光显示，干照下呈黄色、淡黄色，产状为星点状、带状，用氯仿滴照可呈片状；井深1077.46~1077.76 m牛二段见油迹；井深1078.16~1078.76 m牛二段见点状干沥青；井深1078.76~1079.16 m牛二段层理间见油斑；井深1079.16~1080.16 m牛二段顶部断面处见油迹，都具有荧光显示，呈黄色、淡黄色，产状为星点状、带状（图 1）。
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图 1 藏双地1井牛堡组二段录井柱状图及1079.16~1080.16 m油气显示Figure 1. Logging histogram and the oil and gas display in 1079.16-1080.16m of the second member of Niubao formation in Well Zangshuangdi 14. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）藏双地1井全井取心，获得了尼玛盆地东部古近系地层层序、烃源岩及储层等相关参数，分别在牛三段418.43~422.00 m、牛二段890.00~898.00 m及1068.16~1087.00 m发现3处气测异常段，总烃最高为0.159%，现场解析含气量值最大为0.213 m3/t，并在牛二段1077~1080 m处发现不同级别的油气显示，首次实现了尼玛盆地地下油气的重要发现，对盆地下一步的勘探部署具有重要意义。
（2）本井是继藏尼地1井后在西藏尼玛盆地部署实施的第2口地质调查井，通过对藏双地1井的钻井技术攻关，进一步总结出了适合高寒缺氧、地表及地下地质条件复杂的高原钻井施工工艺和设备参数，为下一步在该区钻井施工提供了重要的技术支撑。
尼玛盆地平均海拔近4800 m，由于其高海拔的特殊性，具有高寒缺氧、气候恶劣、生态脆弱等特征，在野外施工过程中与其他地区有着很大的不同，通过藏尼地1井、藏双地1井的钻探，克服了高寒条件下冻土发育钻井技术难题和高原缺氧条件下深井取心难题，基本形成了一套安全、环保、高效的作业技术体系，为高原地区的钻探施工工程积累了丰富的经验。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
感谢李韬、李显亮等同志的交流和启发。
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