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大兴安岭哈达陶勒盖组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其陆缘弧构造背景

申亮, 赵胜金, 于海洋, 柳志辉, 周颖帅, 张猛, 朴丽丽

申亮, 赵胜金, 于海洋, 柳志辉, 周颖帅, 张猛, 朴丽丽. 大兴安岭哈达陶勒盖组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其陆缘弧构造背景[J]. 中国地质, 2020, 47(4): 1041-1055. DOI: 10.12029/gc20200410
引用本文: 申亮, 赵胜金, 于海洋, 柳志辉, 周颖帅, 张猛, 朴丽丽. 大兴安岭哈达陶勒盖组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其陆缘弧构造背景[J]. 中国地质, 2020, 47(4): 1041-1055. DOI: 10.12029/gc20200410
SHEN Liang, ZHAO Shengjin, YU Haiyang, LIU Zhihui, ZHOU Yingshuai, ZHANG Meng, PIAO Lili. Zircon age and geochemical characteristics of Hadataolegai Formation volcanic rocks in Da Hinggan Mountains and its continental marginal arc setting[J]. GEOLOGY IN CHINA, 2020, 47(4): 1041-1055. DOI: 10.12029/gc20200410
Citation: SHEN Liang, ZHAO Shengjin, YU Haiyang, LIU Zhihui, ZHOU Yingshuai, ZHANG Meng, PIAO Lili. Zircon age and geochemical characteristics of Hadataolegai Formation volcanic rocks in Da Hinggan Mountains and its continental marginal arc setting[J]. GEOLOGY IN CHINA, 2020, 47(4): 1041-1055. DOI: 10.12029/gc20200410

大兴安岭哈达陶勒盖组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其陆缘弧构造背景

基金项目: 

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160048-15

中国地质调查局项目 12120114086201

中国地质调查局项目 DD20190405

中国地质调查局项目 DD20190406

详细信息
    作者简介:

    申亮, 女, 1983年生, 博士, 工程师, 从事区域地质研究; E-mail:2547163401@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    赵胜金, 男, 1982年生, 博士, 高级工程师, 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业, 从事区域地质调查及矿产勘查; E-mail:zhshjin2008@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P597

Zircon age and geochemical characteristics of Hadataolegai Formation volcanic rocks in Da Hinggan Mountains and its continental marginal arc setting

Funds: 

China Geological Survey Projects DD20160048-15

China Geological Survey Projects 12120114086201

China Geological Survey Projects DD20190405

China Geological Survey Projects DD20190406

More Information
    Author Bio:

    SHEN Liang, female, born in 1983, doctor, engineer, majors in regional geology research; E-mail:2547163401@qq.com

    Corresponding author:

    ZHAO Shengjin,male,born in 1982,doctor,senior engineer, majors in mineralogy, petrology ans mineral deposits, engages in regional survey of geology and mineral resources;E-mail:zhshjin2008@163.com

  • 摘要:

    根据野外调查,将大兴安岭北段新巴尔虎右旗地区的一套火山岩归属为哈达陶勒盖组。通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得哈达陶勒盖组绿帘石化安山岩的年龄加权平均值为(254.3±7.9)Ma(MSWD=4.7),结合区域地层对比,将该组的形成时代置于早三叠世。根据元素地球化学分析,可将哈达陶勒盖组火山岩划分为中基性和酸性火山岩两类。其中,中基性火山岩岩浆可能来源于受俯冲作用影响的岩石圈地幔,并遭受到地壳物质的混染;而酸性火山岩岩浆则形成于地壳。结合区域地质特征,通过构造环境判别,该组火山岩的形成可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克板块向南俯冲引起的陆缘弧背景密切相关。哈达陶勒盖组的厘定丰富了大兴安岭北段地层层序,也为大兴安岭地区区域构造演化和岩浆活动提供了证据。

    Abstract:

    A series of volcanic rocks, such as basalt, andesite and rhyolite, were determined in Xin Barag Right Banner of northern Da Hinggan Mountains. Geological survey reveals that these volcanic rocks should be assigned to Hadataolegai Formation. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the epidotized andesite from Hadataolegai Formation was formed at(254.3±7.9)Ma(MSWD=4.7). According to geochemical researches, these volcanic rocks of Hadataolegai Formation can be divided into two types, i.e., intermediate-basic rocks and acidic rocks. The magma of intermediate-basic rocks was derived from the lithospheric mantle affected by the southward subduction of Mongolia-Okhotsk plate. The acidic volcanic rocks have a crustal-derived magma source features. Based on tectonic setting analysis, the authors hold that the Hadataolegai Formation volcanic rocks were formed under the continental marginal arc environment and related to southward subduction of Mongolia-Okhotsk plate. The determination of Hadataolgegai Formation improves the stratigraphic sequence of northern Da Hinggan Mountains and provides a favorable evidence for regional tectonic evolution of Da Hinggan Mountains.

  • 西南“三江”地区构造位置属于特提斯构造域(图 1a),地质构造及成矿作用极其复杂地区,许多学者认为西南“三江”南段地区古特提斯构造演化阶段存在多个陆壳地块与洋盆相间排列的多岛洋构造格局(莫宣学等,1993刘本培等,2002俞赛赢等,2003王立全等, 2008, 2013;潘桂棠等,2013;任飞等,2017尹福光等,2017刘军平等,2017王保弟等,2018Liu et al., 20202021李生喜等,2023),而昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋的构造演化及其转换时限是目前三江地区构造演化研究中最热门的科学问题之一。

    图  1  西南三江地区大地构造位置图(a、b,据王保弟等,2018)、地质简图及采样点(c,据云南省地质调查院,2016
    1—第四系;2—古生代—中生代盖层;3—低级变质带;4—高级变质带;5—糜棱岩化花岗质岩石;6—花岗岩;7—二叠纪二长花岗岩;8—二叠纪花岗闪长岩;9—三叠纪二长花岗岩;10—白垩纪二长花岗岩;11—崇山岩群;12—断裂带;13—侵入界线;14—渐变过渡界线;15—地名;16—测年样品号及采样位置;17—研究区
    Figure  1.  Geotectonic location map(a, b, after Wang Baodi et al., 2018) and simplified geological map (c, modifed from Yunnan Institute of Geological Survey, 2016) in Sanjiang area
    1-Quaternary; 2-Paleozoic-Mesozoic caprock; 3-Low metamorphic zone; 4-High metamorphic zone; 5-Mylonitized granitic rock; 6-Granite; 7-Permian adamellite; 8-Permian granodiorite; 9-Triassic adamellite; 10-Cretaceous adamellite; 11-Chongshan group; 12-Fault zone; 13-Intrusion boundary; 14-Gradual transition boundary; 15-Toponym; 16-Dating sample number and location; 17-Research area

    目前昌宁—孟连古特提斯构造演化研究比较成熟,经历了早古生代中晚期-晚古生代特提斯洋俯冲消减、晚二叠世—早三叠世主碰撞汇聚、晚三叠世晚碰撞造山等阶段的演化过程(刘本培等,2002李文昌等,2010孔会磊等,2012;潘桂棠等,2013;任飞等,2017尹福光等,2017刘军平等,2017王保弟等,2018)。晚古生代特提斯洋俯冲消减过程沉积了以鲕粒-生物碎屑灰岩为主的石炭系—二叠系渔塘寨组(CPy),以洋盆深水硅质岩、硅质泥岩、放射虫硅质岩、大洋玄武岩为主的石炭系—二叠系光色组(CPg),及中酸性火山岩为主的石炭系—二叠系龙洞河组(CPl)总体构成了洋盆-洋岛-海山-弧后盆地古地理格局;而在其东侧的临沧—勐海地块,由于昌宁—孟连洋壳向东俯冲消减,在临沧—景洪一带出现中酸性岩浆活动,锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中在280~334 Ma,显示了汇聚型大陆边缘岩浆弧花岗岩的特点(魏君奇等,2008;Peng et al.,2008;孔会磊等,2012;徐桂香等,2015;孙载波等,2015刘军平等,2017王保弟等,2018),但昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋弧-陆俯冲向碰撞、汇聚转换的具体时限及岩石学证据目前尚未报道。

    笔者首次在风庆县小湾地区发现一套中二叠世晚期弱过铝质花岗岩岩体,目前并未有类似岩体的报道。本次运用锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS定年、岩石地球化学分析及岩石学对其进行详细研究,探讨了其岩石组合、侵位时代、岩浆演化、构造背景及源区,进而讨论了与昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋弧-陆俯冲向碰撞汇聚转换的关系,极大地丰富了昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋构造演化时限及岩浆岩记录。

    研究区位于西南“三江”南段,构造上位于羌塘—三江造山系(Ⅶ)和班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连对接带(Ⅷ),地层属于华南地层大区、羌北—昌都—思茅地层区、兰坪—思茅地层分区的澜沧地层小区及漾濞地层小区❶❷。研究区出露地层仅有古元古界崇山岩群,岩浆岩以二叠纪、三叠纪花岗岩为主,少量白垩纪花岗岩(图 1c);小湾花岗岩岩体与古元古界崇山岩群呈侵入接触关系,岩体中富含黑云母和暗色残留体包体,被后期三叠纪黑云二长花岗岩、白垩纪细粒钾长花岗岩侵入。1:25万凤庆幅把小湾花岗岩岩体时代置于中元古代,仅因其普遍糜棱岩化,发育片麻状构造等现象,但未有同素位年龄约束;其主要岩石类型以糜棱岩化片麻状似斑状中粒黑云二长花岗岩为主,少量糜棱岩化片麻状细粒花岗闪长岩及片麻状粗粒二长花岗质变晶初糜棱岩,岩石结构上由细粒向粗粒演化,变化的有序性和单向性明显,且在空间上紧密共生,形成时间、成分及结构变化上表现出清楚的亲缘和演化关系,说明它们是同一岩浆热事件的产物。野外三者为渐变过渡接触,整个岩体由中心至边部矿物颗粒由粗粒变为中细粒;本次以小湾花岗岩岩体为研究对象,采集了同位素、薄片、地球化学样品,野外特征见图 2a

    图  2  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体野外照片和镜下照片特征
    a—野外露头;b—黑云二长花岗岩手标本;c—黑云二长花岗岩正交偏光照片;d—花岗闪长斑岩正交偏光照片;Kfs—钾长石;Qtz—石英;Pl—斜长石;Bt—黑云母
    Figure  2.  Photographs and granite features for the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan
    a-Field outcrop; b-Biotite feldspar granite hand specimen; c-Biotite feldspar granite orthogonal polarization photo; d-Granodiorite orthogonal polarization photo; Kfs-K-feldspar; Qtz-Quartz; Pl-Plagioclase; Bt-Biotite

    糜棱岩化片麻状似斑状中粒黑云二长花岗斑岩:具变余似斑状花岗结构,中粒结构,片麻状构造。主要矿物成分由斜长石(27%)、钾长石(37%)、石英(31%)、黑云母(5%)组成,副矿物有磷灰石、锆石。矿物粒径多在2~5 mm。斜长石呈自形、半自形板状,内见聚片双晶、环带结构,已不同程度钠黝帘石化;钾长石呈他形、半自形板状,以具格子双晶微斜长石为主,部分为条纹长石,内见自形较好的斜长石包裹体及石英的穿孔交代结构,边缘见蠕英石包裹体,少部分粒度较粗大,构成斑晶;石英他形不规则粒状、集合状,充填于长石的间隙中。黑云母自形、半自形的片状,Ng-棕红色、Np-淡黄色,绿泥石化。手标本见图 2b及镜下特征见图 2c

    糜棱岩化片麻状细粒花岗闪长斑岩:具变余似斑状花岗结构,细粒结构,网结-网纹状定向构造。矿物成分主要由钾长石(15%~20%)、斜长石(50%~55%)、石英(20%~25%)、黑云母(3%~4%)、白云母(1%~2%)、长英质(1%~7%)组成,其中斑晶以斜长石为主,少量石英;基质主要为石英、钾长石及黑云母。副矿物主要有磷灰石、磁铁矿。镜下特征见图 2d

    片麻状粗粒二长花岗质变晶初糜棱岩:具变余初糜棱结构,粗粒结构,分异流动状、条痕状构造。矿物成分主要为斜长石(25%)、钾长石(39%)、石英(30%)、黑云母(1%)、电气石(< 5%);副矿物有磷灰石、锆石。矿物粒径多在0.1~2 mm。斜长石他形微细粒变晶状(部分不同程度地保留其半自形的板状特征,残余岩浆组构特征),部分粒度较粗大,保留原透镜状、眼球状碎斑外形,内见聚片双晶、环带结构,已不同程度钠黝帘石化。钾长石他形微细粒变晶状,以具格子双晶微斜长石为主,部分为条纹长石,部分粒度较粗大,保留原眼球状、透镜状碎斑外形,边缘普遍见蠕英石及斜长石包裹体。石英大部分呈多晶条带、矩形条带产出,重结晶。黑云母显微鳞片状,沿糜棱面理呈断续线痕状聚集产出,Ng-褐绿色、Np-淡黄色。电气石自形、半自形的柱状,沿长轴方向沿糜棱面理定向分布,为后期电气石化作用形成。

    锆石分选在南京宏创地质勘查技术服务有限公司完成,原岩样品经人工粉碎后,经人工淘洗后去除轻矿物部分,将得到的重砂部分经电磁选后得到含有少量杂质的锆石样品,最后在双目镜下挑选出晶型较好的锆石,制成锆石样品靶。对锆石进行反射光、透射光显微照相和阴极发光(CL)图像分析,最后根据反射光、透射光及锆石CL图像选择代表性的锆石颗粒和区域进行U-Pb测年。

    U-Pb同位素定年在湖北省地质实验室测试中心重点实验室利用LA-ICP-MS分析完成。测试仪器采用的是由美国Coherent Inc公司生产的GeoLasPro全自动版193 nm ArF准分子激光剥蚀系统(LA)和美国Agilent公司生产的7700X型电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)联用构成的激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析系统(LA-ICP-MS)。样品的同位素比值和元素含量采用ICPMSDataCal 9.0进行处理分析,加权平均年龄的计算及锆石年龄谐和图的绘制采用Isoplot3.0(Ludwing,2003)来完成。采用年龄为206Pb/238U年龄,其加权平均值的误差为2σ206Pb/238U(和207Pb/206Pb)平均年龄误差为95%置信度(王海然等,2013刘军平等,2018)。

    选择10件岩体样品进行主量元素、稀土和微量元素分析。样品磨碎至200目后,在武汉上谱分析科技有限公司岩石矿物研究室进行主量和微量元素分析测试。主量元素使用X-射线荧光光谱仪(XRF-1500)法测试。用0.6 g样品和6 g四硼酸锂制成的玻璃片在ShimadzuXRF-1500上测定氧化物的质量分数值,精度优于2%~3%。微量元素及稀土元素利用酸溶法制备样品,使用ICP-MS (ElementⅡ)测试,分析精度(按照GSR-1和GSR-2国家标准):当元素质量分数值大于10×10-6时,精度优于5%,当质量分数值小于10×10-6时,精度优于10%。

    本次用于锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年龄测试的样品采集位置见图 1,样品分析数据见表 1。样品糜棱岩化似斑状中粒黑云二长花岗斑岩(D01-1)为浅灰色,具不等粒半自形—自形短柱状结构,片麻状构造。将样品先经手工粉碎,后按常规重力及电磁法浮选出锆石颗粒,最后在实体镜下挑选出晶型较好的锆石约150余粒。锆石多为浅紫红色,个别呈褐色,粒状、短柱状、碎粒状,金刚光泽,透明,部分具磨蚀特征,锆石长100~150 μm,少数达200 μm。

    表  1  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素分析结果
    Table  1.  LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of zircons from the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    根据样品阴极发光(CL)图像锆石自形程度较好,棱角分明,发育较宽的韵律环带,Th/U比值较大,为典型的酸性岩浆结晶锆石(Hoskin and Schaltegger, 2003吴元保等,2004刘军平等,2018);部分锆石外围发育较亮较窄的变质增生边,可能是后期发生变质作用所致(图 3)。

    图  3  云南凤庆小湾地区花岗岩岩体代表性锆石阴极发光(CL)图像
    Figure  3.  The CL images of zircons from the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan

    本次对糜棱岩化片麻状似斑状中粒黑云二长花岗岩(D01-1)共完成18个测点的锆石年龄测定(表 1),获得有效数据18个,18个有效分析点均具有较好的谐和度,谐和度均大于91%,从图 4a可以看出,分析的18个点均沿谐和线分布且较集中,且振荡环带清楚,Th/U比值较大(值为0.4~0.8),均为岩浆成因锆石,18个分析点获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(260.4±1.30)Ma(MSWD=0.32,n=18),代表黑云二长花岗岩侵位时代,说明其形成于中二叠世晚期,而非前人认为的中元古代。

    图  4  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
    Figure  4.  Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan

    小湾花岗岩的主量元素分析数据列于表 2。岩石化学成分SiO2含量为67.54%~78.66%,Al2O3含量为11.34%~14.30%,K2O+Na2O含量为6.20%~8.52%,里特曼指数σ为1.31~2.51,显示岩石属过铝质钙碱性岩类;在深成岩的SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)图解中(图 5a)样品投影点多数样品落入花岗岩区内,一件样品投影点落入花岗闪长岩区,与镜下矿物命名一致,均为亚碱性岩石;岩体A/CNK-A/NK图解中大部分样品落入准铝质区-过铝质区过渡区域,表现出弱过铝质的特点,仅1件样品落入过铝质区(图 5b)。在SiO2-K2O图解中大部分落入高钾钙碱性系列区(图 6),1件样品落入钙碱性系列。样品CIPW标准矿物显示,岩石为高硅富铝的特点,与岩石地球化学含量较为一致。

    表  2  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体的主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)组成及有关参数
    Table  2.  Analytical results of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) of the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  5  云南凤庆小湾地区花岗岩岩体SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)(a) and (A/CNK)-(A/NK)(b)图解(a,据Middlemost et al., 1994;b,据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989
    Figure  5.  SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)(a) and (A/CNK)-(A/NK) (b) diagrams of the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan (a, after Middlemost et al., 1994; b, after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)
    图  6  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体SiO2-K2O图解(据Richwood, 1989
    Figure  6.  SiO2-K2O diagrams of the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan (after Richwood, 1989)

    稀土元素、微量元素分析成果及特征参数见表 1。小湾花岗岩稀土总量(ΣREE)为125.64×10-6~300.04×10-6,平均为198.54×10-6,含量较低;轻稀土元素(LREE)含量为83.70×10-6~243.04×10-6,重稀土元素(HREE)含量为31.23×10-6~55.54×10-6,LREE/HREE为2.04~4.93,显示轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素有一定程度的富集;(La/Yb)N=3.86~15.84,平均10.99;(La/Sm)N=2.66~7.08,平均5.37;(Gd/Yb)N=1.02~1.98,平均1.42;上述特征显示轻、重稀土之间具有明显分异特征,轻稀土元素内部的分异程度较高,稀土元素分异程度高,反映源区地壳具有较高的成熟度。小湾花岗岩δEu介于0.27~0.81,平均为0.53,在球粒陨石标准化图解上(图 7a)配分曲线Eu负异常明显,具有向右缓倾的V型特征,暗示岩石可能经历了强烈的斜长石分离结晶作用,长石矿物的分离结晶作用也可以解释花岗岩中Ba、Sr的亏损。且普遍具有弱程度的负铈异常(δCe=0.89~1.32,平均为0.96),暗示了岩浆形成于较高的氧逸度环境(刘洪等,2016刘军平等, 2017, 2020a, 2020b)。

    图  7  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体稀土元素配分形式(a)与微量元素蛛网图(b)(原始地幔标准化数据、球粒陨石标准化数据引自文献Sun and McDonough, 1989
    Figure  7.  Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements patterns (b) of the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan (Chondrite and primitive mantle normalized data after Sun and McDonough, 1989)

    小湾花岗岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图解(图 7b)显示,样品具有明显的负Eu异常,相对富集Rb、Th、Ce等大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Ti、Hf、Y等高场强元素(HFSE)的特征;样品曲线形态趋势相近,它们应该具有相似的源区(刘洪等,2016张洪亮等,2019Liu et al., 2023)。

    研究区小湾花岗岩A/CNK值均在1.0以上,最高达1.47,表现出弱过铝质特点。CIPW标准矿物中出现刚玉分子(平均值为0.94%),Eu负异常明显,δEu平均为0.53,且具有低FeOT/MgO、低P2O5(0.03%~0.16%)和高K2O+Na2O(6.20%~8.52%)等地球化学特征,与弧火山岩及同碰撞花岗岩有部分类似特点(吴福元等,2007),可能与昌宁—孟连洋壳俯冲消亡向弧-陆碰撞汇聚对接转换有关,为过渡类型。

    不同性质的源岩形成了不同构造环境中的弱过铝质花岗岩;判别弱过铝质花岗岩的形成环境则需要判别其形成的源岩性质,对于判别弱过铝质花岗岩的源岩性质,斜长石是一个很好的指示矿物,泥质源岩贫斜长石(< 5%),而杂砂岩则富斜长石(> 5%)。一般CaO/Na2O < 0.3表明原岩为泥质岩石的部分熔融,同时岩石Rb/Sr比值> 0.1和Rb/Ba比值> 0.3,反之若CaO/Na2O < 0.3表明原岩为杂砂岩的部分熔融,其Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba比值较低(Barbarin,1999邓晋福等,2004)。小湾花岗岩的CaO/Na2O比值大部分 < 0.3(3个样品大于0.3),Rb/Sr比值均 > 0.1和大部分Rb/Ba比值> 0.3为特征,结合CaO/(MgO+FeOT)-Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT)图解(图 8a),显示其应为泥质岩石夹部分杂砂岩局部熔融而形成。

    图  8  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体CaO/(MgO+FeOT)-Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT) (a)及Yb-Sr(b)构造判别图(a,据Alter et al., 2000;b,据张旗等,2006)
    Figure  8.  (CaO/(MgO+FeOT)-Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT)) (a)-(Yb-Sr) (b) tectonic discrimination diagrams of the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan (a, after Alter et al., 2000; b, after Zhang Qi et al., 2006)

    研究区的小湾花岗岩在张旗的Yb-Sr图解(图b)中样品落入极低Sr高Yb区和低Sr高Yb(图 9a),样品表现为低Sr高Yb型向高Sr低Yb型演化趋势,指示出地壳厚度增厚压力增大,可能与昌宁—孟连洋俯冲、碰撞造山有关。小湾花岗岩岩体6件样品(D01-1~D01-6),DI指数为93.94~90.26,分异程度较强,另一组4件样品(D01-7~D01-10),DI指数为71.66~88.65,分异程度弱或基本未分异,可能与本区花岗岩具弧花岗岩及同碰撞花岗岩双重过渡性质有关,应处于两者间的过渡类型。

    图  9  云南凤庆地区小湾花岗岩岩体(Y+Nb)-Rb(a)及Yb-Ta(b)图解(据Pearce et al., 1984)
    Figure  9.  (Y+Nb)-Rb(a) and Yb-Ta (b) diagram of the Xiaowan granite in Fengqing area, Yunnan(after Pearce et al., 1984)

    花岗质岩石可以形成于多种构造环境,比如活动大陆边缘、岛弧造山带、大陆碰撞带等构造部位。

    小湾花岗岩岩体富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,且具弱过铝质特点,在稀土元素和微量元素图解方面显示出岛弧花岗岩及同碰撞花岗岩双重特征,在(Y+Nb)-Rb图解(图 9a)及Yb-Ta图解(图 9b)中样品落入火山弧花岗岩及同碰撞花岗岩交汇处,应具两者双重性质,为两者过渡类型。微量元素Sr的负异常和Th的正异常也显示了岛弧岩浆岩的特征,暗示着岩浆源区可能受到过俯冲板块流体或熔体的交代作用。中晚二叠世时期为昌宁—孟连洋向东俯冲未期,由于俯冲板块体或熔体的交代作用导致楔形地幔源区发生部分熔融作用,幔源岩浆上涌,从而导致上地壳物质升温发生熔融,研究区中二叠世晚期具有典型岛弧地球化学特征的小湾花岗岩即为该事件的岩石学记录,相对于大规模俯冲消减作用的弧岩浆岩记录(280~305 Ma),本期花岗岩滞后了约20 Ma,此时区域上开始转入弧-陆碰撞阶段,由于本期花岗岩侵位时代处于二次构造事件转换阶段,故同时兼具弧花岗岩及同碰撞花岗岩双重地球化学特征。结合区域资料,昌宁—孟连带在早二叠世末—早三叠世全区进入弧-陆俯冲向碰撞汇聚转换阶段(280~245 Ma);早三叠世—晚三叠世全区进入主碰撞阶段(245~210 Ma);之后全区进入伸展拉张阶段(~210 Ma),主要沉积了以早侏罗统芒汇河组,小红桥组为代表的火山岩夹碎屑岩沉积(刘军平, 2017, 2020c王保弟等,2018吕留彦等,2019)。由些,笔者认为小湾花岗岩可能是昌宁—孟连洋壳俯冲消亡向弧-陆碰撞、汇聚对接作用的产物(Collins and Richards, 2008王保弟等,2018),而非碰撞后花岗岩。

    石炭纪—晚二叠世是昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋盆扩张、俯冲消减及弧-陆碰撞、汇聚转换的重要时期;其岩浆作用在凤庆、澜沧、景洪等地区均有该期侵入岩及火山岩的报道,该期典型代表有曼秀岩体、早石炭世平掌组(C1pz)火山岩,显示岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征,可能代表了昌宁—孟连洋壳发生(洋内)俯冲消减开始的记录,其岩浆记录主要集中在334 Ma以及320~348 Ma锆石U-Pb年龄(孔会磊等, 2012, 孙载波等,2015王保弟等,2018);具有典型的俯冲形成的岛弧型岩浆岩年龄主要集中在280~305 Ma,代表性岩体主要有南联山岩体锆石年龄为300~305 Ma(徐桂香等,2016);雅口岩体堆晶辉长岩的锆石年龄为296 Ma;半坡岩体锆石年龄为284~288 Ma(Wang et al., 2010);吉岔岩体锆石年龄280~297 Ma(魏君奇等,2008)。

    本次发现的小湾花岗岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年龄为260.4 Ma,为弱过铝质花岗岩,具弧火山岩及同碰撞花岗岩双重特征,应为过渡类型;260.4 Ma是目前临沧岩浆弧发现的最为年轻的具弧岩浆岩及同碰撞花岗岩双重性质的酸性岩浆记录,与云县漫湾地区龙洞河组(CPl)中二叠世弧火山岩年龄(262.5±3.1 Ma)刘军平等,2022)及景洪大勐龙怕冷具岛弧性质的辉长-辉绿岩岩体258~262 Ma的年龄相当王保弟等,2018)。因些,结合前人的研究成果,昌宁—孟连洋构造体制由弧-陆碰撞到汇聚对接作用的转换可能发生在280~258 Ma,并引发一定规模的构造热事件,本文所报道的小湾花岗岩体应是该期事件的产物,其转换时限可能为260.4 Ma。笔者推测在云南境内昌宁—孟连洋盆向东俯冲消减作用最早碰撞发生在凤庆小湾、云县漫湾及景洪大勐龙一带,后逐渐相向延伸。

    (1)小湾花岗岩岩体结晶年龄为(260.4±1.3)Ma(MSWD=0.32,n=18),表明岩体形成于中二叠世晚期,而非前人认为的中元古代,是目前临沧岩浆弧发现的最为年轻的具弧花岗岩及同碰撞花岗岩双重性质的酸性岩浆记录。

    (2)小湾花岗岩岩体是在昌宁—孟连洋壳向东俯冲向汇聚转换背景下,上地壳泥质岩石夹部分杂砂岩成分发生部分熔融作用形成的弱过铝质亚碱性花岗岩。

    (3)小湾花岗岩岩体应是昌宁—孟连洋壳俯冲消亡向弧-陆碰撞、汇聚对接作用的产物,其转换时限可能为260.4 Ma;结合区域资料,云南境内昌宁—孟连洋盆向东俯冲消减作用最早碰撞可能发生在凤庆小湾、云县漫湾及景洪大勐龙一带,后逐渐相向延伸。

    注释

    ❶云南省地质调查院. 2008.云南1∶25万凤庆幅区域地质矿产调查报告[R].

    ❷云南省地质调查院. 2016.云南1∶5万诗礼幅、大河幅、犀牛街幅、老家库幅、哨街幅区域地质矿产调查报告[R].

    ❸云南省地质调查院. 2012.云南1∶25万澜沧幅、景洪幅、勐腊幅、勐海幅区域地质调查报告[R].

    致谢: 成文过程中得到中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心宋维民高级工程师和辽宁省地质矿产研究院吴文彬工程师的帮助;论文审稿过程中,两位匿名专家提出了建设性的修改意见,在此一并表示诚挚的感谢。
  • 图  1   区域构造位置图(a,据刘勃然等,2016修改)及研究区地质简图(b,据内蒙古自治区第十地质矿产勘查开发院,2017;内蒙古自治区地质调查院, 2017赵胜金等, 2018b, cMi et al., 2020修改)

    Figure  1.   Tectonic location of the study area (a, modified from Liu Boran et al., 2016) and simplified geological map of the study area

    (b, modified from No. 10 Institute of Geological Exploration, Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2017 ; Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia, 2017; Zhao Shengjin et al., 2018b, c; Mi et al., 2020)

    图  2   新巴尔虎右旗哈达陶勒盖组AA’剖面

    1—中二叠世二长花岗岩;2—千糜岩化流纹岩和英安岩;3—绿帘石化安山岩;4—变安山岩;5—变凝灰岩;6—变玄武安山岩;7—变质含砾长石岩屑砂岩;8—变安山质角砾集块岩;9—砂质砾岩;10—碎裂细中粒二长花岗岩;11—辉绿玢岩脉;12—韧性剪切带;13—产状

    Figure  2.   Geological section of Hadataolegai Formation in Xin Barag Right Banner

    1-Middle Permian monzonitic granite; 2-Mylonitized rhyolite and dacite; 3-Epidote andesite; 4- Meta-andesite; 5-Meta-tuff; 6-Meta-basaltic andesite; 7- Metamorphic gravel- bearing feldpathic lithic sandstone; 8- Meta- andesite berccia agglomerate; 9- Sandy conglomerate; 10- Cataclastic fine-grained monzonite; 11-Diabase porphyrite vein; 12-Ductile shear zone; 13-Attitudes of strata and shear zone

    图  3   绿帘石化安山岩野外露头(a)和显微照片(b)

    Figure  3.   The outcrop (a) and microphotograph (b) of the epidotized andesite from Hadataolegai Formation

    图  4   哈达陶勒盖组绿帘石化安山岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像和U-Pb年龄谐和图

    Figure  4.   Zircon CL images and U-Pb concordia plot of the epidotized andesite from Hadataolegai Formation

    图  5   哈达陶勒盖组火山岩A-C-FM(a)、TFeO-(Na2O+K2O)-MgO(b)、Nb/Y-Zr/Ti(c)和Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2*0.0001(d)图解

    Ⅰ—纯泥质岩;Ⅱ—铁质泥质岩;Ⅲ—中酸性火山岩;Ⅳ—钙质泥质岩;Ⅴ—胶体化学沉积及灰岩;Ⅵ—胶体化学沉积;Ⅶ—超基性岩;Ⅷ—超基性火山岩及部分白云质岩石;Ⅸ—基性火山岩及部分沉积灰质岩石;Ⅹ—碳酸盐岩沉积岩;Ⅺ—泥灰质沉积岩

    Figure  5.   Diagrams of A-C-FM (a), TFeO-(Na2O+K2O)-MgO (b), Nb/Y-Zr/Ti (c) and Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2*0.0001 (d) for volcanic rocks from Hadataolegai Formation

    Ⅰ-Argillaceous rocks; Ⅱ- Iron argillaceous rocks; Ⅲ- Intermediate-acid volcanic rocks; Ⅳ-Calcareous argillaceous rocks; Ⅴ-Colloid chemical deposition and limestone; Ⅵ- Colloid chemical deposition; Ⅶ- Ultramafic rock; Ⅷ- Ultramafic volcanic rocks and some dolomitic rocks; Ⅸ- Mafic volcanic rocks and some sedimentary limestone; Ⅹ- Carbonate sedimentary rocks; Ⅺ-Marl sedimentary rocks

    图  6   哈达陶勒盖组火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)

    (球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化数据据Sun et al., 1989

    Figure  6.   Chondrite- normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle- normalized trace elements spider diagrams (b) of volcanic rocks from Hadataolegai Formation

    (normalized data of chondrites and primordial mantle after Sun et al., 1989)

    图  7   哈达陶勒盖组火山岩Y-Sr/Y和YbN-(La/Yb)N图解

    Figure  7.   The diagrams of Y-Sr/Y and YbN-(La/Yb)N for Hadataolegai Formation volcanic rocks

    图  8   哈达陶勒盖组火山岩构造环境判别图

    ORG—洋脊花岗岩;WPG—板内花岗岩;VAG—火山弧花岗岩;syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩;N-MORB—正常洋脊玄武岩区;E-MORB+ WPB—异常型洋脊拉斑玄武岩区和板内玄武岩及其分异产物;WPAB—板内碱性玄武岩区;IAT—拉斑型岛弧玄武岩;CAB—钙碱性火山弧玄武岩区

    Figure  8.   Discrimination diagrams for tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in Hadataolegai Formation

    ORG-Ocean ridge granite; WPG-Within-plate granite; VAG-Volcanic arc granite; syn-COLG-Syn-collision granite; N-MORB-Normal midocean ridge basalt; E- MORB + WPB- Enriched mid- ocean ridge basalt and intraplate basalt; WPAB- Intraplate alkaline basalt; IAT- Island arc tholeiite; CAB-Calc-alkaline basalt

    表  1   早三叠世哈达陶勒盖组绿帘石化安山岩锆石U-Th-Pb测年数据分析结果

    Table  1   SHRIMP zircon U-Th-Pb isotopes analyses of the epidotized andesite from Hadataolegai Formation

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   哈达陶勒盖组火山岩主量(%)、微量及稀土元素(10-6)分析结果

    Table  2   Major (%), rare earth and trace (10-6) element compositions of volcanic rocks from Hadataolegai Formation

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   大兴安岭哈达陶勒盖组地层时代

    Table  3   The stratigraphic ages of Hadategai Formation in the Da Hinggan Mountains

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-10-11
  • 修回日期:  2020-06-17
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-09-25
  • 刊出日期:  2020-08-24

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